[The impact of social economic factors and family dietary intake on health of children and adolescents].

The impact of social economic factors, digitalization, sanctions and quality of family diet is manifested in increasing effect of these factors on lifestyle, environment and health of children and adolescents. The surrounding reality affects their organism in formative way due to digitalization of various areas of activity. The consequences of pandemic, announced new sanctions of Western countries, environmental pollution and digitalization of life result in deterioration of life conditions and population health. The analysis of family diet of children and adolescents testifies negative tendency to deterioration of health of children in all age groups. This is becoming a predominant factor negatively impacting quality of human potential: population health, abilities to master and implement professional skills, individual culture level and education, etc. The children from low-income families find oneself in group of special risk. Their diet usually does not meet approved physiological and medical biological standards. In conditions of sanction pressure from Western countries the poor households include even more often average family, even with one child. The birth of children very often diminish possibility of liveable existence of members of such families and decreases standard of living of household as a whole. The most vulnerable group become poor and low-income families where three or more juvenile children are brought up. The Western sanctions have disastrous effect on household incomes, aggravate problems of poverty, especially in large families. The investigation and comparative analysis of key characteristics of families diet, social economic factors affecting health of children and adolescents in the context of digitalization, demonstrated the need in reducing negative impact on their health and changing diet to more balanced and diversified one.

Update of ion-optical system of neutral beam of Tokamak à Configuration Variable.

An injector of fast deuterium atoms for plasma heating was designed and installed at the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV). The neutral beam can deliver 1 MW power to the plasma in 2 s pulses. An ion beam of the injector is formed by a triode multislit ion-optical system with spherical electrodes which provide ballistic focusing. Tests at TCV revealed that the total angular divergence of the neutral beam across the slits exceeded the expected value more than twice. It was finally established that this increase in divergence was caused by the asymmetry of the chamfers at the slit edges of the plasma electrode. The redesigned shape of the slits of the plasma grid together with precise machining significantly improved the beam quality. Experimental testing proved that the neutral beam profile in the direction across the grid slits became very close to the expected value.

Note: Arc discharge plasma source with plane segmented LaB6 cathode.

A plane cathode composed of close-packed hexagonal LaB6 (lanthanum hexaboride) segments is described. The 6 cm diameter circular cathode is heated by radiation from a graphite foil flat spiral. The cathode along with a hollow copper anode is used for the arc discharge plasma production in a newly developed linear plasma device. A separately powered coil located around the anode is used to change the magnetic field strength and geometry in the anode region. Different discharge regimes were realized using this coil.

Field reversed configuration confinement enhancement through edge biasing and neutral beam injection.

Field reversed configurations (FRCs) with high confinement are obtained in the C-2 device by combining plasma gun edge biasing and neutral beam injection. The plasma gun creates an inward radial electric field that counters the usual FRC spin-up. The n = 2 rotational instability is stabilized without applying quadrupole magnetic fields. The FRCs are nearly axisymmetric, which enables fast ion confinement. The plasma gun also produces E × B shear in the FRC edge layer, which may explain the observed improved particle transport. The FRC confinement times are improved by factors 2 to 4, and the plasma lifetimes are extended from 1 to up to 4 ms.

[Endoscopic diagnosis and complex treatment of Barrett's esophagus complicated by hernia of esophageal foramen of the diaphragm].

A protocol is suggested of complex diagnosis and treatment of Barrett's esophagus using sparing endoscopic removal of Barrett's epithelium in combination with surgery and medicinal antireflux therapy. Eighty-three patients were diagnosed and treated for hernia of esophageal foramen of the diaphragm and gastro-esophageal reflux complicated by Barrett's esophagus. Ninety-two percent of patients receiving our four-component treatment were cured; no recurrent esophageal adenocarcinoma was reported during the 56.7 +/- 2.4 month follow-up. Conversely, in patients receiving three-component treatment, efficacy was 56%; esophageal adenocarcinoma was reported in 3 (12%).